Lung cancer is one of the most common neoplasms in the world. In particular, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive neoplasms with poor prognosis. Central and peripheral nervous system involvement is very common in this type of cancer due to cerebral metastases, spinal cord compression or even complications from treatment (either chemotherapy or immunotherapy). Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and hypercoagulability syndrome are two complicated conditions which connect small cell carcinoma and nervous system. In this article, an extensive reference is made to the two latter situations through the description of two incidents: one with subacute cerebellar degeneration and one with hypercoagulable syndrome and multiple ischemic strokes in patients with SCLC.
REFERENCES(44)
1.
American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2018.
Dalmau J, Gonzalez RG, Lerwill MF. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital: case 4-2007—a 56-year-old woman with rapidly progressive vertigo and ataxia. N Engl J Med 2007;356:612–20.
Rosenfeld MR, Eichen JG, Wade DF, Posner JB, Dalmau J. Molecular and clinical diversity in paraneoplastic immunity to Ma proteins. Ann Neurol 2001;50:339–48.
Yu Z, Kryzer TJ, Griesmann GE, Kim K, Benarroch EE, Lennon VA. CRMP-5 neuronal autoantibody: marker of lung cancer and thymoma-related autoimmunity. Ann Neurol 2001;49:146–54.
Choi KD, Kim JS, Park SH, Kim YK, Kim SE, Smitt PS. Cerebellar hypermetabolism in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:525–28.
Rojas I, Graus F, Keime-Guibert F, et al. Long-term clinical outcome of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and anti-Yo antibodies. Neurology 2000;55:713–15.
Bernal F, Shams’ili S, Rojas I, et al. Anti-Tr antibodies as markers of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and Hodgkin’s disease. Neurology 2003;60:230–34.
Keime-Guibert F, Graus F, Fleury A, et al. Treatment of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes with antineuronal antibodies (Anti-Hu, anti-Yo) with a combination of immunoglobulins, cyclophosphamide, and methylprednisolone. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;68:479–82.
Kim SG, Hong JM, Kim HY, et al. Ischemic stroke in cancer patients with and without conventional mechanisms: a multicenter study in Korea. Stroke 2010; 41:798–801.
Chaturvedi S, Ansell J, Recht L. Should cerebral ischemic events in cancer patients be considered a manifestation of hypercoagulability? Stroke 1994; 25:1215–8.
Hong CT, Tsai LK, Jeng JS. Patterns of acute cerebral infarcts in patients with active malignancy using diffusion-weighted imaging. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 28:411–6.
Uemura J, Kimura K, Sibazaki K, Inoue T, Iguchi Y, Yamashita S. Acute stroke patients have occult malignancy more often than expected. Eur Neurol 2010; 64:140–44.
Falanga A, Gordon SG. Isolation and characterization of cancer procoagulant: a cysteine proteinase from malignant tissue. Biochemistry 1985; 24:5558–67.
Jander S, Sitzer M, Wendt A, et al. Expression of tissue factor in high-grade carotid artery stenosis: association with plaque destabilization. Stroke 2001; 32:850–54.
Cramer SC, Rordorf G, Maki JH, et al. Increased pelvic vein thrombi in cryptogenic stroke: results of the Paradoxical Emboli from Large Veins in Ischemic Stroke (PELVIS) study. Stroke 2004; 35:46–50.
Eliasson A, Bergqvist D, Björck M, Acosta S, Sternby NH, Ogren M. Incidence and risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with verified arterial thrombosis: a population study based on 23,796 consecutive autopsies. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:1897–902.
el-Shami K, Griffiths E, Streiff M. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in cancer patients: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Oncologist 2007; 12:518–23.
Dutta T, Karas MG, Segal AZ, Kizer JR. Yield of transesophageal echocardiography for nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis and other cardiac sources of embolism in cancer patients with cerebral ischemia. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97:894–8.
Chen H, Cebula H, Schott R, Dietemann JL, Froelich S. Glioblastoma multiforme presenting with ischemic stroke: case report and review of the literature. J Neuroradiol 2011; 38:304–7.
Mitomi M, Kimura K, Iguchi Y, Hayashida A, Nishimura H, Irei I, et al. A case of stroke due to tumor emboli associated with metastatic cardiac liposarcoma. Intern Med. 2011; 50:1489–1491.
Ortín X, Rodríguez-Luaces M, Calabuig M, Font L. Stroke in a multiple myeloma patient treated with thalidomide. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2006; 15:283–5.
Sturgeon CM, Duffy MJ, Hofmann BR, Lamerz R, Fritsche HA, Gaarenstroom K, et al. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for Use of Tumor Markers in Liver, Bladder, Cervical, and Gastric Cancers. Clin Chem 2010; 56:e1–e48.
Sturgeon CM, Duffy MJ, Stenman UH, et al. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry laboratory medicine practice guidelines for use of tumor markers in testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancers. Clin Chem 2008; 54:e11–e79.
Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:146–53.
Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, et al. Long-term low-molecularweight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med 2006; 119:1062–72.
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.